人物簡介
托馬斯.巴恩斯是《泰晤士報》歷史上非常重要的一位主編,與約翰.德萊恩(John Thadeus Delane)(1817-1879)并稱為《泰晤士報》的兩大主編。巴恩斯在任期間,把《泰晤士報》辦成英國重要的主流媒體之一,他特別重視社論,認為社論既能領(lǐng)導(dǎo)輿論,又能反映輿論。為此,他經(jīng)常撰寫社論,也鼓勵讀者來信,暢所欲言。久而久之,英國人便形成習(xí)慣,在遇到重要事情時,總要先看看《泰晤士報》怎么說,然后再決定自己的看法。
在托馬斯.巴恩斯主編《泰晤士報》之前,新聞工作者的地位并不高,雖然從早期的“下九流”升到“中九流”,但仍然為上流社會所輕視。巴恩斯主編《泰晤士報》之后,新聞人才終于從蕓蕓眾生中脫穎而出,成為所謂“第四等級”,社會地位得到較大的提升。
人物生平
早期生活和教育經(jīng)歷
托馬斯.巴恩斯出生于一個律師家庭,他是家里的長子,在母親去世后跟隨祖母長大,隨后在基督醫(yī)學(xué)院開始節(jié)受教育。后來,巴恩斯進入劍橋大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí),并于1808年以專業(yè)第一名的身份畢業(yè)。
職業(yè)生涯
托馬斯.巴恩斯畢業(yè)之后先后從事過大學(xué)教授、律師等職業(yè),1815年,巴恩斯開始為《泰晤士報》工作,并于1817年升任主編,在職24年,將《泰晤士報》打造成為聲震英倫的主流媒體。
軼事典故
托馬斯.巴恩斯堪稱“第四等級”的典型,也可以說是第一個聲名赫赫的無冕之王。1834年,大法官林德赫斯特勛爵(Lord Chancellor Lyndhurst),就稱他是“國內(nèi)最有權(quán)勢的人”(The most powerful man in the country)。英國首相也曾半是疑惑半是妒忌地驚呼:“為什么巴恩斯是國內(nèi)最有權(quán)勢的人!”在巴恩斯統(tǒng)帥下,《泰晤士報》迅速崛起,成為英國首屈一指的權(quán)威報紙。尤其是它的社論更是一言九鼎,它能決定官員的升遷,決定政黨選舉的成敗,甚至能使其他國家的內(nèi)閣倒臺,正如有人所說:“假如《泰晤士報》給一個內(nèi)閣宣判死刑的話,那么很快就會執(zhí)行的!睘榇耍投魉贡蝗朔Q為“朱庇特”(the Thunderer)。這是羅馬神話里的眾神之王,即希臘神話里的宙斯,常用象征威嚴有力的事物。
相關(guān)作品
托馬斯.巴恩斯曾在《泰晤士報》上發(fā)表多篇社論,以下為其中兩篇。
Thomas Barnes, The Times (9th December, 1830)
We are staunch friends to a broad and fundamental reform; and if enemies to universal suffrage, or to the establishment of a low qualification for the great mass of electors, it is because such a principle would be, in effect, a narrowing of the representative system, by the virtual exclusion of all influence derived from property. We are haters of all monopolies, and among others of a monopoly of the elective franchise, by such a reform of Parliament, by means of universal suffrage, the mass, and with the mass the dregs, of the existing population.
Thomas Barnes, The Times (21st March, 1831)
The all-important question of full and satisfactory parliamentary reform is, we have no doubt, now completely settled. The people, the brave English people have won it decidedly as they have won battles in the field or on the ocean; nor can they by any possibility be cheated or robbed of the fruits of their victory. They petitioned, they addressed, they resolved. We proposed these courses to them, we urged the prosecution of them with vigour, and our advice prevailed to a degree that even we, used as we are to move the noble feelings of our countrymen in a just cause and on subjects of vast moment - could hardly have conceived, and were almost surprised at our success.