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    羅伯特·格雷夫斯
    
 
    羅伯特·格雷夫斯
      
    
 
 
      英國詩人、小說家、評論家。第一次世界大戰(zhàn)時任軍官。因發(fā)表戰(zhàn)爭回憶錄《向一切告別》(1929)而成名。戰(zhàn)后移居西班牙。其歷史小說和傳奇小說有《克勞狄烏斯自傳》(1934)、《克勞狄烏斯封神記》(1934)、《白色女神》(1947)、《荷馬之女》(1955)等。還寫過一些優(yōu)美洗練的愛情詩。對希臘和希伯來神話也深有研究。1955年發(fā)表《希臘神話》(2卷)。1961～1966年任牛津大學詩學教授。1980年發(fā)表小說《他們吊死了我的圣潔的比利》。    
    
 

     


 
    

    


      
    

        


    中文平生
     
    羅伯特·格雷夫斯（Robert Graves，1895.7.24u20131985.10.7），20世紀英國著名詩人,作家格雷夫斯生于倫敦，曾在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中服役，之后從牛津大學畢業(yè)。他在開羅大學教了一年英語，后來曾一度在西班牙的馬略卡島定居。格雷夫斯從1961到1966年間任牛津大學的詩歌學教授。
    羅伯特·格雷夫斯是20世紀英國文學史上一位極具創(chuàng)新精神的詩人。他擅長寫洗練的抒情詩，特別是愛情詩，繼承了傳統(tǒng)的風格，不趨時髦。他的戰(zhàn)爭詩獨具特色,充分展示了詩人特有的才情和睿智. 也寫小說、雜文、文學批評和神化研究作品，并翻譯文學經(jīng)典。他最初的作品是一些譴責第一次世界大戰(zhàn)對生命的摧殘的詩歌。他的自傳《向一切告別》（1929年）講述了他在一戰(zhàn)中的經(jīng)歷。譴責戰(zhàn)爭的殘酷，對英國病態(tài)的社會和文化表示不滿。
    《耶穌王》（1946年）是一部非傳統(tǒng)歷史小說。他后來的大部分詩作都是愛情抒情詩。他的古羅馬帝國三部曲《我，克勞迪斯》（I， Claudius）、《克勞迪斯神和他的妻子梅薩利納》（Claudius the God and His Wife Messalina）、《貝利薩里烏斯伯爵》（Count Belisarius）是現(xiàn)代歷史小說經(jīng)典之作，現(xiàn)實主義的表現(xiàn)手法使生活在古代的人物具有親近感，同時又保持了歷史性。他在《白色女神》(1947)一書中認為文藝起源于對原始女神的崇拜。他對希臘和希伯來神話也深有研究。1961至1965年任牛津大學詩學教授。1980年發(fā)表小說《他們吊死了我的圣潔的比利》。
    《火盆旁》（1916年）、《詩集1938u20131945年》（1946年）、《詩集》（1959年）、《新詩集》（1977年）。神話研究作品——《白仙女》（1947年）、《希臘神話》（1955年）。隨筆——《肩負讀者》（The Reader over Your Shoulder）（1943年，與艾倫·霍奇合著）。
    英文介紹
     
    Over the Brazier. London: William Heinemann, 1923; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1923.
    羅伯特·格雷夫斯
    * The Feather Bed. Richmond, Surrey: Hogarth Press, 1923.
    * Mock Beggar Hall. London: Hogarth Press, 1924.
    * Welchmans Hose. London: The Fleuron, 1925.
    * Poems. London: Ernest Benn, 1925.
    * The Marmosites Miscellany (as John Doyle). London: Hogarth Press, 1925.
    * Poems (1914-1926). London: William Heinemann, 1927; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1929.
    * Poems (1914-1927). London: William Heinemann
    * To Whom Else? Deyá, Majorca: Seizin Press, 1931.
    * Poems 1930-1933. London: Arthur Barker, 1933.
    * Collected Poems. London: Cassell, 1938; New York: Random House, 1938.
    * No More Ghosts: Selected Poems. London: Faber & Faber, 1940.
    * Work in Hand, with Norman Cameron and Alan Hodge. London: Hogarth Press, 1942.
    * Poems. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1943.
    * Poems 1938-1945. London: Cassell, 1945; New York: Creative Age Press, 1946.
    * Collected Poems (1914-1947). London: Cassell, 1948.
    * Poems and Satires. London: Cassell, 1951.
    * Poems 1953. London: Cassell, 1953.
    * Collected Poems 1955. New York: Doubleday, 1955.
    * Poems Selected by Himself. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957; rev. 1961, 1966, 1972, 1978.
    * The Poems of Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1958.
    * Collected Poems 1959. London: Cassell, 1959.
    * The Penny Fiddle: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1960; New York: Doubleday, 1961.
    * More Poems 1961. London: Cassell, 1961.
    * Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1961.
    * New Poems 1962. London: Cassell, 1962; as New Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1963.
    * The More Deserving Cases: Eighteen Old Poems for Reconsideration. Marlborough: Marlborough College Press, 1962.
    * Man Does, Woman Is. London: Cassell, 1964; New York: Doubleday, 1964.
    * Ann at Highwood Hall: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1964.
    * Love Respelt. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1966.
    * One Hard Look 1965
    * Collected Poems 1965. London: Cassell, 1965.
    * Seventeen Poems Missing from ’Love Respelt’. privately printed, 1966.
    * Colophon to ’Love Respelt’. Privately printed, 1967.
    * Poems 1965-1968. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.
    * Poems About Love. London: Cassell, 1969; New York: Doubleday, 1969.
    * Love Respelt Again. New York: Doubleday, 1969.
    * Beyond Giving. privately printed, 1969.
    * Poems 1968-1970. London: Cassell, 1970; New York: Doubleday, 1971.
    * The Green-Sailed Vessel. privately printed, 1971.
    * Poems: Abridged for Dolls and Princes. London: Cassell, 1971.
    * Poems 1970-1972. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.
    * Deyá, A Portfolio. London: Motif Editions, 1972.
    * Timeless Meeting: Poems. privately printed, 1973.
    * At the Gate. privately printed, London, 1974.
    * Collected Poems 1975. London: Cassell, 1975.
    * New Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1977.
    * Selected Poems. ed Paul O’Prey. London: Penguin, 1986
    * The Centenary Selected Poems. ed. Patrick Quinn. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
    * Complete Poems Volume 1. ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
    * Complete Poems Volume 2. ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1996.
    * Complete Poems Volume 3. ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1999.
    * The Complete Poems in One Volume ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.
    Poems
     
    * "The Death Room" The New Yorker 25/50 (4 February 1950) : 35
    Fiction
     
    * My Head! My Head!. London: Sucker, 1925; Alfred. A. Knopf, New York, 1925.
    * The Shout. London: Mathews & Marrot, 1929.
    * No Decency Left (with Laura Riding) (as Barbara Rich). London: Jonathan Cape, 1932.
    * The Real David Copperfield. London: Arthur Barker, 1933; as David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens, Condensed by Robert Graves, ed. M. P. Paine. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1934.
    * I, Claudius. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1934.
    o Sequel: Claudius the God and his Wife Messalina. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1935.
    * Antigua, Penny, Puce. Deyá, Majorca/London: Seizin Press/Constable, 1936; New York: Random House, 1937.
    * Count Belisarius. London: Cassell, 1938: Random House, New York, 1938.
    * Sergeant Lamb of the Ninth. London: Methuen, 1940; as Sergeant Lamb’s America. New York: Random House, 1940.
    o Sequel: Proceed, Sergeant Lamb. London: Methuen, 1941; New York: Random House, 1941.
    * The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton. London: Cassell, 1943; as Wife to Mr Milton: The Story of Marie Powell. New York: Creative Age Press, 1944.
    * The Golden Fleece. London: Cassell, 1944; as Hercules, My Shipmate, New York: Creative Age Press, 1945.
    * King Jesus. New York: Creative Age Press, 1946; London: Cassell, 1946.
    * Watch the North Wind Rise. New York: Creative Age Press, 1949; as Seven Days in New Crete. London: Cassell, 1949.
    * The Islands of Unwisdom. New York: Doubleday, 1949; as The Isles of Unwisdom. London: Cassell, 1950.
    * Homer’s Daughter. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1955.
    * Catacrok! Mostly Stories, Mostly Funny. London: Cassell, 1956.
    * They Hanged My Saintly Billy. London: Cassell, 1957; New York: Doubleday, 1957.
    * Collected Short Stories. Doubleday: New York, 1964; Cassell, London, 1965.
    * An Ancient Castle. London: Peter Owen, 1980.
    Other
     
    * On English Poetry. New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1922; London: Heinemann, 1922.
    * The Meaning of Dreams. London: Cecil Palmer, 1924; New York: Greenberg, 1925.
    * Poetic Unreason and Other Studies. London: Cecil Palmer, 1925.
    * Contemporary Techniques of Poetry: A Political Analogy. London: Hogarth Press, 1925.
    * Another Future of Poetry. London: Hogarth Press, 1926.
    * Impenetrability or The Proper Habit of English. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.
    * The English Ballad: A Short Critical Survey. London: Ernest Benn, 1927; revised as English and Scottish Ballads. London: William Heinemann, 1957; New York: Macmillan, 1957.
    * Lars Porsena or The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1927; E.P. Dutton, New York, 1927; revised as The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1936.
    * A Survey of Modernist Poetry (with Laura Riding). London: William Heinemann, 1927; New York: Doubleday, 1928.
    * Lawrence and the Arabs. London: Jonathan Cape, 1927; as Lawrence and the Arabian Adventure. New York: Doubleday, 1928.
    * A Pamphlet Against Anthologies (with Laura Riding). London: Jonathan Cape, 1928; as Against Anthologies. New York: Doubleday, 1928.
    * Mrs. Fisher or The Future of Humour. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1928.
    * Good-bye to All That: An Autobiography. London: Jonathan Cape, 1929; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1930; rev., New York: Doubleday, 1957; London: Cassell, 1957; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1960.
    * But It Still Goes On: An Accumulation. London: Jonathan Cape, 1930; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1931.
    * T. E. Lawrence to His Biographer Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1938; London: Faber & Faber, 1939.
    * The Long Weekend (with Alan Hodge). London: Faber & Faber, 1940; New York: Macmillan, 1941.
    * The Reader Over Your Shoulder (with Alan Hodge). London: Jonathan Cape, 1943; New York: Macmillan, 1943.
    * The White Goddess. London: Faber & Faber, 1948; New York: Creative Age Press, 1948; rev., London: Faber & Faber, 1952, 1961; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1958.
    * The Common Asphodel: Collected Essays on Poetry 1922-1949. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949.
    * Occupation: Writer. New York: Creative Age Press, 1950; London: Cassell, 1951.
    * The Nazarene Gospel Restored (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1953; New York: Doubleday, 1954.
    * The Greek Myths. London: Penguin, 1955; Baltimore: Penguin, 1955.
    * The Crowning Privilege: The Clark Lectures, 1954-1955. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1956.
    * Adam’s Rib. London: Trianon Press, 1955; New York: Yoseloff, 1958.
    * Jesus in Rome (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1957.
    * Steps. London: Cassell, 1958.
    * 5 Pens in Hand. New York: Doubleday, 1958.
    * Food for Centaurs. New York: Doubleday, 1960.
    * Greek Gods and Heroes. New York: Doubleday, 1960; as Myths of Ancient Greece. London: Cassell, 1961.
    * Selected Poetry and Prose (ed. James Reeves). London: Hutchinson, 1961.
    * Oxford Addresses on Poetry. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1962.
    * The Siege and Fall of Troy. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1963.
    * The Big Green Book. New York: Crowell Collier, 1962; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1978. Illustrated by Maurice Sendak
    * Hebrew Myths. The Book of Genesis (with Raphael Patai). New York: Doubleday, 1964; London: Cassell, 1964.
    * Majorca Observed. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.
    * Mammon and the Black Goddess. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.
    * Two Wise Children. New York: Harlin Quist, 1966; London: Harlin Quist, 1967.
    * The Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayyam (with Omar Ali-Shah). London: Cassell, 1967.
    * Poetic Craft and Principle. London: Cassell, 1967.
    * The Poor Boy Who Followed His Star. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.
    * Greek Myths and Legends. London: Cassell, 1968.
    * The Crane Bag. London: Cassell, 1969.
    * On Poetry: Collected Talks and Essays. New York: Doubleday, 1969.
    * Difficult Questions, Easy Answers. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.
    * In Broken Images: Selected Letters 1914-1946. ed Paul O’Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1982
    * Between Moon and Moon: Selected Letters 1946-1972. ed Paul O’Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1984
    * Collected Writings on Poetry. ed. Paul O’Prey, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
    * Complete Short Stories. ed Lucia Graves, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
    * Some Speculations on Literature, History, and Religion. ed Patrick Quinn, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.
    

    


    
    
    

       
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