同志偶像（來(lái)自英文的gay icon）是指流行文化中的某位明星，通常是女性，有廣大的忠實(shí)同性戀影迷/歌迷，尤其是男同志。英文中有時(shí)還用dykon（來(lái)自dyke icon，女同志偶像）來(lái)專(zhuān)門(mén)形容受女同性戀群體喜愛(ài)的藝人。該文化最早起源于著名影星Judy Garland ，此后許多著名歌手影星都被稱(chēng)為Gay Icon，如影帝Marlon Brando ，白人女歌手Dusty Springfield，鄉(xiāng)村女歌手Dolly Parton， 流行女歌手Cher， Madonna， Janet Jackson，以及2008年火速走紅的Lady Gaga。

       同志偶像一般自己都是異性戀。很多這類(lèi)偶像都十分引人矚目，比如美國(guó)的芭芭拉·史翠姍、麥當(dāng)娜等。但并不一定高調(diào)，如東方華人世界的王菲和日本的中島美雪都刻意低調(diào)，盡管無(wú)法擺脫媒體的瘋狂追逐。

　　美國(guó)的同志偶像，很多都經(jīng)歷過(guò)被媒體廣為宣傳的個(gè)人悲劇、事業(yè)大起大落或者突然去世等事件。出演《綠野仙蹤》的同志偶像朱迪·嘉蘭1969年去世，在一定程度上引發(fā)了美國(guó)乃至世界歷史上第一次大規(guī)模同性戀群體反抗警察爭(zhēng)取權(quán)利的“石墻騷亂”。

　　同志偶像并不是指只有同性戀群體喜歡，這類(lèi)藝人也有規(guī)模龐大的異性戀崇拜者。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，在今日的西方，這類(lèi)藝人對(duì)自己擁有龐大的同志歌迷/影迷是很歡迎的，很多人在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合堅(jiān)定支持同性戀群體的權(quán)利。在其他地區(qū)，由于社會(huì)對(duì)同性戀的態(tài)度趨于保守，也就沒(méi)有類(lèi)似的現(xiàn)象，但公開(kāi)反對(duì)同性戀的藝人是不可能成為同志偶像的。同性戀群體對(duì)某些藝人的崇拜會(huì)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出普通的熱衷之情，很多人會(huì)把她們當(dāng)作自己行為的榜樣和指南針。

       這類(lèi)偶像受到廣大同志群體的熱衷，最突出的一點(diǎn)原因在于個(gè)性極為鮮明，這種與眾不同甚至得不到理解的地位，和同性戀者在社會(huì)中的情況類(lèi)似，很容易引起共鳴。

　　另一個(gè)原因是這類(lèi)偶像無(wú)論是在自己的影視音樂(lè)作品中還是個(gè)人生活中，都呈現(xiàn)出堅(jiān)忍不拔、不屈不撓的性格。如中島美雪的歌詞和旋律雖然從女性的溫柔角度出發(fā)，但字里行間都透露著要自強(qiáng)的堅(jiān)定個(gè)性。美國(guó)很多這類(lèi)藝人的個(gè)人生活都經(jīng)歷過(guò)悲劇，如事業(yè)一落千丈、離婚、吸毒等等，但都頑強(qiáng)熬了過(guò)來(lái)。這和同志群體在社會(huì)上反抗歧視掙扎、需要額外的自尊自信的現(xiàn)狀不謀而合。

　　還有一點(diǎn)是這類(lèi)藝人鮮明的自我表現(xiàn)意識(shí)和作為，這也是為什么迷倒全美國(guó)男性的瑪麗蓮·夢(mèng)露也同樣是同志偶像的原因之一。同志群體因?yàn)槿粘Ｉ�活中無(wú)處不在的壓抑和隨時(shí)隨地隱瞞自己身份的行為，所以為了釋放嚴(yán)重束縛著的自我，有極其強(qiáng)烈的表現(xiàn)欲望，希望得到別人關(guān)注。很有意思的現(xiàn)象就是越表露性感的女藝人就越受到同性戀群體的歡迎，然而這和異性戀男人對(duì)她們的喜愛(ài)完全是出于不同原因。

　　同時(shí)如王菲及其歌中體現(xiàn)出的低調(diào)、驕傲、孤寂、渴望撫慰又自我保護(hù)意識(shí)很強(qiáng)等等特點(diǎn)都和很大一部分同性戀人群的心理狀態(tài)非常接近。

　　男性藝人是同志偶像的很少，通常都是男性魅力十足、多才多藝的藝人，比如休·杰克曼和羅比·威廉姆斯。但如湯姆·克魯斯或布拉德·皮特這類(lèi)大眾情人類(lèi)明星就很難稱(chēng)為同志偶像。自身就是同性戀的藝人也有，比如艾爾頓·約翰和張國(guó)榮。

美國(guó)：

　　*朱迪·嘉蘭和萊莎·明奈利母女、葛麗泰·嘉寶、伊麗莎白·泰勒、珍·哈露、格蕾絲·凱利、瑪琳·黛德麗、奧黛麗·赫本、貝蒂·戴維斯、麗塔·海華絲、瑪麗蓮·夢(mèng)露、安吉麗娜·茱莉

　　*馬龍·白蘭度 、洛克·哈德森、詹姆斯·迪安、蒙哥馬利·克里夫特、杰克·吉倫哈爾

　　*奧普拉·溫弗里 、艾倫·德杰尼勒斯

　　*芭芭拉·史翠珊、唐娜·�，�、葛羅莉亞·蓋羅 、戴安娜·羅斯、雪兒、麥當(dāng)娜、珍妮·杰克遜 ，Cyndi Lauper、惠特妮·休斯頓、多莉·艾莫絲、、碧昂斯、Lady Gaga

澳大利亞：

　　凱莉·米洛、休·杰克曼、希斯·萊杰

英國(guó)

　　戴安娜王妃、大衛(wèi)·鮑威、佛萊迪·摩克瑞、喬治·邁克爾 、艾爾頓·約翰 、羅比·威廉姆斯 、貝克漢姆 、

華語(yǔ)地區(qū)：

　　齊豫、林憶蓮、林青霞、王菲、鄭秀文、莫文蔚、鄧麗君、張惠妹、何韻詩(shī)

　　張國(guó)榮、金城武 、黃耀明、李玟 、小S

日本：

　　中島美雪 、濱崎步、安室奈美惠、平井堅(jiān)、幸田來(lái)未

The 1930s saw a number of writers, political activists, and celebrities garner reputations as gay icons. Poet and satirical writer Dorothy Parker reportedly had a large gay following. Though the phrase "friend of Dorothy" was made popular in later years by Judy Garland’s role in the The Wizard Of Oz, some speculate it originated with Parker.

Actress Bette Davis’ performance in Dark Victory (1939), was dubbed by Queer theorist Eve Sedgwick as "the epistemology of the closet".Davis’ portrayal of the melodramatic Judith Traherne made her talent for playing someone with a secret revered and her "camp-worthy" dialog reflexive of the "flamboyant gay queen of the dramatic arts". Ed Sikov, author of Dark Victory: The Life of Bette Davis, comments twentieth century gay men developed their own subculture following Davis’ example.

In Marcella Althaus-Reid’s Liberation Theology and Sexuality, Marlene Dietrich, who is considered to be the first German-born actress to receive critical acclaim in Hollywood, is a model of liberation and subversion, as well as beauty, perfection and sensuality.In Rio de Janeiro, Althaus-Reid discovered a statue of Dietrich dressed as Nossa Senhora de Aparecida in a gay bar in Copacabana beach. The image of Dietrich as the black Virgin Mary represents her overcoming duality. According to Althaus-Reid, it is a figure which sanctifies Dietrich while simultaneously liberating Mary。Other icons from this time period include actor Cary Grant, who endured speculation over his alleged relationships with men, Marilyn Monroe, and gay actor and composer Noel Coward

An archetypal gay icon is Judy Garland. Michael Bronski, author of Culture Clash: The Making of Gay Sensibility, describes Garland as "the quintessential pre-Stonewall gay icon". So revered is she as a gay icon that her best known film role, that of Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz, became used as code among homosexuals in the 1950s.The expression, "Is he a friend of Dorothy?" was slang for, "Is he gay?" The character Dorothy met an odd group of friends during her journey through Oz—the Tin Man, the Cowardly Lion and the Scarecrow—and so referring to an individual as a "friend of Dorothy" meant that they were "unusual or odd" and thus "queer".Though Garland has been noted for her embodiment of camp in her acting roles, Bronski argues that she was the "antithesis of camp" and "made a legend of her pain and oppression." As Bronski observes, the bleak setting of 1950s Hollywood had replaced the "sauciness of the 30s and the independence of the 40s".Garland, as well as Lana Turner and Susan Hayward, epitomized the idea that "suffering was the price of glamor...[and] the women stars of the 50s reflected the condition of many gay men: they suffered, beautifully".

Garland’s daughter Liza Minnelli would later follow in her mother’s footsteps as a gay icon, as would fellow musical artist Barbra Streisand. Joan Crawford has been described as the "Ultimate Gay Icon — the martyr who suffered for her art, and therefore enabled herself to bond with this all-important faction of her fan-base". In Joan Crawford: The Essential Biography, author Lawrence J. Quirk explains that Crawford appealed to gay men because they sympathized with her struggle for success; in both the entertainment industry and in her personal life. Though Crawford had been a notable film star during the 1930s and 1940s, according to David Bret, author of Joan Crawford: Hollywood Martyr, it was not until her 1953 film Torch Song that she was seen as a "complete gay icon, primarily because it was shot in color". Bret further explains that seeing the actress’ red hair, dark eyes and ’Victory Red’ lips linked her to "gaydom’s other sirens: Dietrich, Garland, Bankhead, Piaf, and new recruits Marilyn Monroe and Maria Callas".

Lucille Ball is also a prominent icon from this period. In Lee Tannen’s book I Loved Lucy: My Friendship with Lucille Ball, the author describes his experience when he witnessed Lucille Ball being labeled a gay icon for the first time by a mutual friend.Ball was told of the adoration she received from gay men, as a bar in West Hollywood was known for routinely playing episodes of her television series I Love Lucy every weekend.In an interview with Out magazine, Tannen expressed his opinion that Ball’s television character Lucy Ricardo was the true gay icon, as "Lucy Ricardo was the underdog who was always trying to prove herself, and I think many gay men can identify with that."Other icons from this time include Liberace, Julie Andrews, Shirley Bassey,Debbie Reynolds,Barbara Cook, Rock Hudson,Fabulous Moolah and Elizabeth Taylor.

70年代Disco興起，Disco女歌手 Donna Summer成為很受同性戀群體喜愛(ài)的歌手。其中她的Love to Love You Baby" I Feel Love, Bad Girls, Hot Stuff也是一代Gay國(guó)國(guó)歌。

Other artists particularly embraced by the gay community during the ’70s and ’80s included Diana Ross, Grace Jones, Charo, Elaine Paige, and Dolly Parton. Two gay Britons, writer Quentin Crisp and singer Freddie Mercury of Queen also became popular icons, as well as a bisexual Briton, David Bowie. Elton John also became a gay icon in his own right during this decade, a status strengthened during the 1990s (see below).

迪斯科和流行音樂(lè)女歌手Cher以其好聽(tīng)的舞曲和不離不棄的支持Gay運(yùn)動(dòng)的精神成為一代Gay Icon。

Continuing into the 1980s, pop music singer Madonna—dubbed "Queen of Pop" and "Queen of Dance" by the media, and later the "World’s Most Successful Female Recording Artist" by Guinness World Records—became the preeminent gay icon of the late 20th century. The Advocate’s Steve Gdula commented "[b]ack in the 1980s and even the early 1990s, the release of a new Madonna video or single was akin to a national holiday, at least among her gay fans". Gdula also stated that during this period, concurrent with the rise of the AIDS epidemic, "when other artists tried to distance themselves from the very audience that helped their stars to rise, Madonna only turned the light back on her gay fans and made it burn all the brighter". Georges-Claude Guilbert, author of Madonna As Postmodern Myth: How One Star’s Self-Construction Rewrites Sex, Gender, Hollywood and the American Dream, writes that Madonna’s reverence as a gay icon is equated with that of Judy Garland, noting similarities between the two popular culture icons. Guilbert dictates that gay icons "usually belong to one or the other of two types of female stars: either the very vulnerable or suicidal star, or the strong idol whom nobody or nothing resists, like Madonna". According to Madonna: An Intimate Biography, the pop star has always been aware that her most loyal fans were gay men, and has appeared in "gay-oriented magazines as an activist for gay rights and was even named in the book The Gay 100 as one of the most influential gay people in history". Madonna has acknowledged her bisexuality, and her relationships with women—in particular a rumored sexual relationship with Sandra Bernhard—have generated much media speculation.

Other superstar recording artists, such as Cyndi Lauper followed. Lauper and Madonna were seen as trailblazers of women’s sexual liberation. Lauper’s 1983 debut album She’s So Unusual generated a large following of fans responding to the "gay-friendly camp and lesbian-friendly womyn power epitomized in [her] femme anthem "Girls Just Want to Have Fun". Lauper explained that growing up during the 1960s influenced her dedication to fair and equal treatment of all people, noting that the music of the 1960s "helped to open the worldu2019s point of view to change". According to Lauper "It wasnu2019t until my sister came out in the early u201970s that I became more aware of the bigoted slurs and the violence against a community of people...who were gay". Lauper has since become an active Gay Rights activist, often encouraging GLBT people and their allies to vote for equal rights. Political activism for GLBT rights is the theme of Lauper’s annual True Colors Tour.

Janet Jackson珍妮杰克遜是九十年代Gay Icon的代表人物，出道時(shí)她以獨(dú)立自主新女性的形象受到各群體的喜愛(ài)，她絢麗的舞蹈，變化多端的嗓音，制作考究的MV吸引了許多Gay群體的喜愛(ài)。1997年珍妮推出了 The Velvet Rope專(zhuān)輯，多次獲得男女同性戀維權(quán)大獎(jiǎng) GLAAD Media Awards的嘉獎(jiǎng)，她多年來(lái)不斷為同性戀保障權(quán)益捐款做貢獻(xiàn)，一直支持艾滋病治療中心Amfar的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

The Velvet Rope and AIDS charities

During the recording of Jackson’s sixth studio album The Velvet Rope, the singer reportedly suffered from depression, which became a central theme to the album among other subjects including domestic abuse, low self-esteem, sadomasochism, homophobia and sexual orientation. The song "Free Xone" dealt specifically with homophobia and same-sex relationships. Speculation over Jackson’s own sexual orientation began circulating after the release of The Velvet Rope—particularly regarding her cover version of Rod Stewart’s 1976 song "Tonight’s the Night (Gonna Be Alright)", which contained bisexual undertones—however, Jackson denied rumors that she has had sexual relationships with other women。

The album’s second single "Together Again", a hit in several countries, became an homage to loved ones Jackson has lost to AIDS, as well as an elegy to AIDS victims and their families worldwide. The upbeat dance song was arranged to celebrate the spirit of those who have passed on, rather than mourn their deaths, as Jackson comments. A portion of the single’s sales were donated by Jackson to The American Foundation for AIDS Research. On November 17, 1997, Jackson was honored by the National Black Lesbian and Gay Leadership Forum for the album’s sexual orientation-related content, in addition to receiving the award for Outstanding Music Album at the 9th Annual GLAAD Media Awards in 1998. In June 2005, Jackson was given the Humanitarian Award by the Human Rights Campaign and AIDS Project Los Angeles in honor of her activism.

此外，Kylie Minogue, Lady Gaga, Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Björk, Paris Hilton, Sarah Jessica Parker, Justin Timberlake等歌手也是很受Gay群體喜歡的公眾人物，但距離Gay Icon的稱(chēng)號(hào)還有一定距離。

Top Ten Male Celebrity Gay Icons of All Time:

　　（十大同志男性偶像）

　　 1. 艾爾頓·約翰 Elton John

　　2. 弗萊迪·摩克瑞 Freddie Mercury

　　3. 史蒂芬·弗萊 Stephen Fry

　　4. 喬治·邁克 George Michael

　　5. 奧斯卡·王爾德 Oscar Wilde

　　6. 威爾·揚(yáng) Will Young

　　7. 艾倫·卡爾 Alan Carr

　　8. 保羅·奧·格雷迪 Paul O’Grady

　　9. 喬治男孩 Boy George

　　10. 大衛(wèi)·貝克漢姆 David Beckham

　　Top Ten Female Celebrity Gay Icons:

　　（十大同志喜愛(ài)女性偶像） 　　

　　1. 朱迪·嘉蘭 Judy Garland

　　2. 凱莉·米洛 Kylie Minogue

　　3. 麥當(dāng)娜 Madonna

　　4. 雪兒 Cher

　　5. 萊莎·明奈利 Liza Minnelli

　　6. 瑪麗蓮·夢(mèng)露 Marilyn Monroe

　　7. 雪莉·貝西 Shirley Bassey

　　8. 莉莉·塞維吉 Lily Savage

　　9. 達(dá)絲蒂·斯普林菲爾德 Dusty Springfield

　　10. 芭芭拉·史翠珊 Barbra Streisand