演藝經(jīng)歷
1952年,給《弦樂(lè)三重奏》作曲。
主要作品
Orchestral
“客西馬尼”Gethsemane (1947), for small orchestra
《雙連圖畫(huà)》Diptych (1955)《樂(lè)隊(duì)變奏曲》Variazioni (1959), for large orchestra《河流與時(shí)間的回聲》Echoes of Time and the River (Echoes II) (1967)《打獵風(fēng)景》A Haunted Landscape (1984)Vocal Choral Orchestral
《星孩》Star-Child (1977, revised 1979), for soprano, antiphonal children’s voices, male speaking choir, bell ringers, and large orchestraChamber/Instrumental
“兩首二重奏”Two Duos (1944?), for flute and clarinet
“四首作品”Four Pieces (1945), for violin and piano
“小提琴奏鳴曲”Violin Sonata (1949)
《弦樂(lè)三重奏》String Trio (1952)
“三首田園詩(shī)作品”Three Pastoral Pieces (1952), for oboe and piano
《中提琴奏鳴曲》Viola Sonata (1953)
《弦樂(lè)四重奏》String Quartet (1954)
《獨(dú)奏大提琴奏鳴曲》Sonata for Solo Cello (1955)
《四首夜曲—夜樂(lè)II》Four Nocturnes (Night Music II) (1964), for violin and piano
《秋天的十一個(gè)回聲》Eleven Echoes of Autumn, 1965 (Echoes I) (1966), for violin, alto flute, clarinet, and piano
《黑天使》Black Angels (Images I) (1970), for electric string quartet
《鯨魚(yú)之聲》Vox Balaenae (Voice of the Whale) (1971), for electric flute, electric cello, and amplified piano
《為一個(gè)夏夜而作的音樂(lè)—大宇宙III》Music for a Summer Evening (Makrokosmos III) (1974), for two amplified pianos and percussion (two players).
《夢(mèng)的序列》Dream Sequence (Images II) (1976), for violin, cello, piano, percussion (one player), and off-stage glass harmonica (two players)
《弦樂(lè)三重奏》String Trio (1982)
《田園低音》Pastoral Drone (1982), for organ
《蠢材的田園詩(shī)》An Idyll for the Misbegotten (Images III) (1986), for amplified flute and percussion (three players).
“復(fù)活節(jié)曙光”Easter Dawning (1991), for carillon
《探索》Quest (1994), for guitar, soprano saxophone, harp, double bass, and percussion (two players)“曼德斯的犬”Mundus Canis (A Dog’s World) (1998), for guitar and percussion
Piano
《鋼琴奏鳴曲》Piano Sonata (1945)
《前奏曲與托卡塔》Prelude and Toccata (1951)
“五首作品”Five Pieces (1962)
《大宇宙I》Makrokosmos, Volume I (1972), for amplified piano
《大宇宙II》Makrokosmos, Volume II (1973), for amplified piano
《天上的機(jī)械士——大宇宙IV》Celestial Mechanics (Makrokosmos IV) (1979), for amplified piano (four hands)
《1979年圣誕節(jié)小組曲》A Little Suite for Christmas, A.D. 1979 (1980)
《箴言變奏曲》Gnomic Variations (1981)
“游行圣歌”P(pán)rocessional (1983)
“時(shí)代精神”Zeitgeist (Tableaux Vivants) (1988), for two amplified pianosEine Kleine Mitternachtmusik (A Little Midnight Music) (2002)
“來(lái)世回響”O(jiān)therworldly Resonances (2003), for two pianos
Vocal
“四首歌曲”Four Songs (1945?), for voice, clarinet and piano
“七首歌曲”Seven Songs (1946), for voice and piano
“三首早期歌曲”Three Early Songs (1947), for voice and piano
“希臘歌詞的循環(huán)”A Cycle of Greek Lyrics (1950?), for voice and piano
《夜樂(lè)I》Night Music I (1963, revised 1976), for soprano, piano/celeste, and two percussionists
《牧歌I》Madrigals, Book I (1965), for soprano, vibraphone, and double bass
《牧歌II》Madrigals, Book II (1965), for soprano, flute/alto flute/piccolo, and percussion
《死亡之正歌、吟唱與副歌》Songs, Drones, and Refrains of Death (1968), for baritone, electric guitar, electric double bass, amplified piano/electric harpsichord, and two percussionists
《四個(gè)月亮之夜》Night of the Four Moons (1969), for alto, alto flute/piccolo, banjo, electric cello, and percussion
《牧歌III》Madrigals, Book III (1969), for soprano, harp, and percussion
《牧歌IV》Madrigals, Book IV (1969), for soprano, flute/alto flute/piccolo, harp, double bass, and percussion
《遠(yuǎn)古童聲》Ancient Voices of Children (1970), for mezzo-soprano, boy soprano, oboe, mandolin, harp, amplified piano (and toy piano), and percussion (three players)
《永恒的光》Lux Aeterna (1971) for soprano, bass flute/soprano recorder, sitar, and percussion (two players)
《女妖》Apparition (1979), for soprano and amplified piano
“睡美人”The Sleeper (1984), for soprano and piano
“為孩子們作的費(fèi)德里克的短歌”Federico’s Little Songs for Children (1986), for soprano, flute/piccolo/alto flute/bass flute, and harp
“美國(guó)歌謠集I:直上山崗”American Songbook I: Unto the Hills (2001), for soprano, percussion quartet and piano
“美國(guó)歌謠集II:一個(gè)超越時(shí)空之旅”American Songbook II: A Journey Beyond Time (2003), for soprano, percussion quartet and piano
“美國(guó)歌謠集III:生命之河”American Songbook III: River of Life (2003), for soprano, percussion quartet and piano
美國(guó)歌謠集IV:命運(yùn)之風(fēng)”American Songbook IV: Winds of Destiny (2004), for soprano, percussion quartet and piano
“美國(guó)歌謠集V:來(lái)自于一個(gè)被遺忘世界的聲音”American Songbook V: Voices from a Forgotten World (2007), for soprano, baritone, percussion quartet and piano
“美國(guó)歌謠集VI:來(lái)自于大地早晨的聲音”American Songbook VI: Voices from the Morning of the Earth (2008), for soprano, baritone, percussion quartet and piano
Choral
《哈利路亞》Alleluja (1948), for unaccompanied chorus
人物評(píng)價(jià)
克拉姆的音樂(lè)擅長(zhǎng)在傳統(tǒng)樂(lè)器上使用特殊演奏技法成采用非西方樂(lè)器制造新穎獨(dú)特的音響,同時(shí)追求深邃的理性,表現(xiàn)一定的思想和情感,既有抽象性的—面,又有標(biāo)題性的特點(diǎn),他的作品內(nèi)涵比較好理解。其創(chuàng)作大多帶有室內(nèi)樂(lè)性質(zhì)。聲樂(lè)作品的歌詞多取自西班牙詩(shī)人洛爾卡(Federico Garcia Lorca)的詩(shī)。