羅伯特比爾
警察的鼻祖"羅伯特比爾"的貢獻(xiàn)
羅伯特·比爾創(chuàng)立英國(guó)倫敦大都市警察，即蘇格蘭場(chǎng)（1829年創(chuàng)立。羅伯特·比爾《建警十二條》）
九項(xiàng)警務(wù)原則”價(jià)值思考
羅伯特.比爾在建警之初提出了"九項(xiàng)警務(wù)原則"用于指導(dǎo)警察行為和警務(wù)工作,這些原則中所倡導(dǎo)的行為包含了基本的警察理念,比如服務(wù)的思想,對(duì)于警察權(quán)力的觀點(diǎn)等。這些原則歷經(jīng)一百多年的洗禮之后,對(duì)于今天的警務(wù)活動(dòng)仍然具有借鑒意義。
警察的鼻祖"羅伯特比爾"
1829年羅伯特·比爾建立倫敦大都市警察，就是第一次警務(wù)革命，這是警察從無(wú)到有的革命。羅伯特·比爾建警時(shí)制定了一個(gè)金科玉律12條，是咱們所有當(dāng)警察的必須要知道的12條，現(xiàn)在是“5條禁令”，那個(gè)時(shí)候,170年前有12條。其中：
第6條，禮貌是警察的根本保障。
第7條，以形象贏得尊重。
第9條，每個(gè)警察都要掛牌服務(wù)。大家看看，摸摸你胸前那個(gè)牌，今天整明白了，誰(shuí)給掛的牌？羅伯特·比爾。這個(gè)牌是干什么？便于群眾監(jiān)督的。
第10條，警察首腦機(jī)關(guān)必須接近人民群眾。大家要是到歐洲去看看，世界上每一個(gè)警察局它的一樓都是向公眾開(kāi)放的，老百姓進(jìn)警察局就像趟平地一樣的，隨便進(jìn)，第一樓都給開(kāi)放，為什么？老祖宗給立下的規(guī)矩。
比爾提出了組建新式警察的12條原則：
1.警察應(yīng)以軍隊(duì)為榜樣，建成一支穩(wěn)定的行之有效的隊(duì)伍。
2.警察必須在政府的控制之下。
3.減少犯罪證明警察的效率與效益。
4.發(fā)布犯罪統(tǒng)計(jì)是警察的基本工作。
5.以時(shí)間和地域科學(xué)分配警力。
6.制怒、寧?kù)o、有禮是警察質(zhì)量的根本保障。
7.以形象贏得尊重。
8.招募、訓(xùn)練適當(dāng)人選是執(zhí)法之本。
9.公眾安全需要每個(gè)警察掛牌服務(wù)。
10.警察首腦機(jī)關(guān)必須接近公眾。
11.警察需先見(jiàn)習(xí)，后上崗。
12.以警察掌握的犯罪記錄作為分配警力的依據(jù)。
羅伯特比爾簡(jiǎn)介
The police are the public and the public are the police(警察就是公眾，公眾就是警察); the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence
Peels Nine Principles of Policing(九條原則)
The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder.
The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions.
Police must secure the willing co-operation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public.
The degree of co-operation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use of physical force.
Police seek and to preserve public favour, not by pandering to public opinion, but by constantly demonstrating absolutely impartial service to law, in complete independence of policy, and without regard to the justice or injustices of the substance of individual laws; by ready offering of individual service and friendship to all members of the public without regard to their wealth or social standing; by ready exercise of courtesy and friendly good humour; and by ready offering of individual sacrifice in protecting and preserving life.
Police use physical force only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient to obtain public cooperation to an extent necessary to secure observance of law or to restore order; and to use only the minimum degree of physical force which is necessary on any particular occasion for achieving a police objective.
Police, at all times, should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police; the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence.
Police must recognize always the need for strict adherence to police-executive functions, and to refrain from even seeming to usurp the powers of the judiciary of avenging individuals or the state, and of authoritatively judging guilt and punishing the guilty.
The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it.
These nine principles were set forth by Sir Robert Peel, the founder of the British Police in 1822 and were taken from A Short History of the British Police, (London: Oxford University Press, 1948).