斯莫魯霍夫斯基波蘭科學(xué)家，先驅(qū) 統(tǒng)計(jì)物理學(xué)家登山家。斯莫魯霍夫斯基在維也納學(xué)習(xí)物理學(xué) 。 His teachers were Franz S. Exner and Joseph Stefan . Ludwig Boltzmann held a position at Munich University during the studies of Smoluchowski in Vienna and returned in 1894, when Smoluchowski served in the Austrian army.他的老師是弗蘭茨南�？怂辜{和約瑟夫斯特凡 。 路德維希玻爾茲曼地位舉行了 慕尼黑大學(xué)在維也納斯莫魯霍夫斯基的研究和返回1894年，維Smoluchowski軍隊(duì)服役時(shí)，在奧地利。 It seems that they had no direct contact, although Smoluchowski’s work follows in the tradition of Boltzmann’s ideas.看來(lái)，他們沒(méi)有直接接觸，雖然斯莫魯霍夫斯基的作品中的波爾茲曼的思想傳統(tǒng)如下。 After several years spent at other universities (Paris, Glasgow, and Berlin), he moved to Lviv in 1899, where he took a position at the University of Lviv , before he moved to Kraków .之后，柏林，幾年花了其他大學(xué)（巴黎，格拉斯哥），他搬到 利沃夫在1899年，他參加了一個(gè)位置在 利沃夫大學(xué)之前，他轉(zhuǎn)移到 克拉科夫 。

Smoluchowski moved to Krakow in 1913, to take over the chair in Experimental Physics Department after August Witkowski , who had for a long time envisioned Smoluchowski as his successor.斯莫魯霍夫斯基搬到克拉科夫在1913年，接管后，主持實(shí)驗(yàn)物理部8月威特科斯基 ，誰(shuí)繼任者斯莫魯霍夫斯基為他的設(shè)想很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。 After the war had broken out, the conditions for work became unusually difficult, and even the spacious and modern Physics Department edifice, built by Witkowski a short time before, had been turned into a hospital by military authorities.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后爆發(fā)后，工作變得異常困難的條件，甚至寬敞和現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)系大廈，興建威特科斯基前很短的時(shí)間，已成為一個(gè)由軍事當(dāng)局醫(yī)院轉(zhuǎn)。 Note that the possibility of working in that building had been of considerable importance to Smoluchowski when making the decision of moving to Krakow.請(qǐng)注意，在該大廈工作的可能性已經(jīng)相當(dāng)重視斯莫魯霍夫斯基時(shí)，搬遷到克拉科夫的決定。 Deprived of the premises, Smoluchowski was forced to work in the former apartment of the late Professor Karol Olszewski .校舍被剝奪了，斯莫魯霍夫斯基被迫工作在已故教授前寓所， 卡羅爾奧爾森澤斯基 。 During the experimental physics lectures carried out by Smoluchowski, making use of even the simplest demonstration equipment was virtually impossible.在實(shí)驗(yàn)物理所進(jìn)行的維Smoluchowski講座，使即使是最簡(jiǎn)單的演示設(shè)備的使用幾乎是不可能的。

Smoluchowski performed a great deal of academic teaching: he lectured in experimental physics, had numerous students including, Jozef Patkowski, Stanislaw Loria and Waclaw Dziewulski.斯莫魯霍夫斯基表演了大量的學(xué)術(shù)教學(xué)：他講課，實(shí)驗(yàn)物理學(xué)，有許多學(xué)生，包括約瑟夫Patkowski，斯坦尼斯瓦洛里亞和瓦茨瓦夫Dziewulski。 His wide non-professional interests included skiing, mountain climbing in the Alps and Tatra Mountains, watercolour painting, playing the piano.他的廣泛的非專業(yè)興趣包括滑雪，在阿爾卑斯山和塔特拉山，水彩畫(huà)彈鋼琴，攀巖。

Smoluchowski died in 1917 the victim of a dysentery epidemic.斯莫魯霍夫斯基在1917年去世的受害者的 痢疾疫情。 In his obituary, Professor Wladyslaw Natanson wrote: "With great pleasure I would revive the charm of his life, knightly softness of his heart, combined with exquisite kindness. I wish I could reconstruct the odd appeal of his personality, recall how restrained he was, modest, and beautifully timid, yet always full of pure, almost unintentional joy."在他的訃告，教授瓦迪斯瓦夫納坦松說(shuō)：“我榮幸地將恢復(fù)善良的魅力，他的一生，騎士柔軟細(xì)膩有心臟病，合并。我希望我能多改造提出上訴，他的個(gè)性，記得他是如何克制，謙虛，和美麗的膽怯，但總是充滿了純潔，幾乎意外的喜悅。“

He was a member of the Copernicus Society of Natural Scientists and the Polish Academy of Sciences and Letters.他是一個(gè)自然科學(xué)家和科學(xué)和文學(xué)波蘭科學(xué)院哥白尼協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員。 He married Zofia Baraniecka in 1901.他于1901年結(jié)婚蘇菲雅Baraniecka。 They had two children: Aldona (1902-1984) and Roman (1910-1996).他們有兩個(gè)孩子：阿爾東（1902至1984年）和羅馬（1910至96年）。