（1890—1938）捷克小說(shuō)家、劇作家.1890年1月9日生于捷克北部一鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生家庭.曾在布拉格查理大學(xué)學(xué)哲學(xué)，畢業(yè)后做新聞?dòng)浾?他的創(chuàng)作初期曾同哥哥約瑟夫合作創(chuàng)作了一些散文和劇本.20世紀(jì)20年代初，兄弟二人合寫出哲理劇《昆蟲生活》（1921）。這一時(shí)期他的主要作品有《羅素姆萬(wàn)能機(jī)器人》（1920）以及1922年出版的科學(xué)幻想劇《長(zhǎng)生訣》和科學(xué)幻想小說(shuō)《原子狂想》（1924）等.他在從事新聞工作中，同社會(huì)有廣泛的接觸，使他有機(jī)會(huì)深入觀察社會(huì)生活.30年代，恰佩克的思想發(fā)生很大的變化，積極投入了反法西斯斗爭(zhēng).這一時(shí)期他的作品有：劇本《白色病》（1937）、《母親》（1938）和長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《鯢魚之亂》。其中劇本《母親》是捷克愛國(guó)主義戲劇的杰作之一.恰佩克是捷克表現(xiàn)主義戲劇的先驅(qū)，他的戲劇藝術(shù)效果強(qiáng)烈，情節(jié)富有戲劇性，如在《母親》中，鬼魂與活人，生與死、夢(mèng)幻與現(xiàn)實(shí)之間沒(méi)有明確界線，用這類表現(xiàn)手法，對(duì)社會(huì)中種種丑惡現(xiàn)象作無(wú)情諷刺，獲得強(qiáng)烈的藝術(shù)效果.《羅素姆萬(wàn)能機(jī)器人》是恰佩克的代表作品.一位名叫羅素姆的哲學(xué)家研制出一種機(jī)器人，被資本家大批制造來(lái)充當(dāng)勞動(dòng)力.但是世界上如果充滿了干活的機(jī)器人，人類就會(huì)停止生育、面臨末日.因此作者在作品中描寫了一對(duì)會(huì)戀愛和能夠生育的機(jī)器人，以此象征人類將免遭滅亡.該劇于1921年演出，轟動(dòng)歐洲.恰佩克所創(chuàng)造的“機(jī)器人”一詞，已被歐洲各國(guó)語(yǔ)言接受.參見“外國(guó)文學(xué)”中的“恰佩克”。 (1890-1938) The Czech novelist, playwright .1890 was born January 9 years, the Czech doctors in rural areas north of a family. Charles University in Prague to study philosophy, journalists do after graduation. His early stage of writing have been co-writing with his brother Joseph a number of essays and screenplays .20 early 20 century, two brothers co-wrote philosophical drama "Insect Life" (1921). Of his major works during this period as "Rossum Universal Robots" (1920), and in 1922 published in the science fiction drama "longevity tactic" and science fiction "atomic paranoia" (1924), etc.. He was engaged in journalistic work, have extensive contacts with the community so that he has an in-depth observation of social life .30 years, Capek undergone great changes in thinking, actively involved in the anti-fascist struggle. this period of his works are: the script "white disease" (1937), "Mother" (1938) and the novel "Salamander fish chaos." One play "mother" is a masterpiece of drama, one of the Czech patriotism. Capek Czechpioneerof expressionist drama, and hisdramaticart effects of a strong, dramatic plot, as in "mother", theghostsand the living, the Health and death, dream and reality there is no clear line between the use of such techniques from all the evils in society as ruthless satire, with strong artistic effect. "Rossum Universal Robots" is Capek’s representative works. 1Bitphilosopher named Rossum developed a robot was to act as capitalists, a large number of manufacturing workers.Butthe world is full of to work, if the robot will stop human reproduction, facing doom. Therefore, the authors describe the works would love a pair of robots and able to give birth, as a symbol of humanity will be free from extinction. opera performances in 1921, a sensation in Europe. Capek created by the "robot" word has been accepted in Europe in foreign languages . See "ForeignLiterature" in the "Capek."