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弗里德·斯坦尼Fred Stein
弗里德·斯坦尼（1909-1967） 擅長于 拍攝紀(jì)實人物肖像，他的照片捕捉的是為類生活中的普通圖像，但卻結(jié)合著奮斗的美麗和強大的生命力——超載了一般的文化瞬間：30年代巴黎的浪漫大街生活，剛剛結(jié)束 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后的紐約的活力，數(shù)百幅挑戰(zhàn)性的人物肖像成為一個時代的輝煌記憶。佛里德斯坦尼出生于德國的德累斯頓，30年代以后開始成為一個專業(yè)的攝影家，并以其天才迅速成為小型相機的開拓者之一——帶著婚禮上人們贈送的一臺 徠卡相機，記錄了巴黎大街上人們的生活。在這些早期的作品中有很多他的朋友肖像，都是一些著名的人物。斯坦尼在58歲時去世。他的肖像作品和 新聞報道出現(xiàn)在世界各地的報刊雜志上。他曾經(jīng)舉辦過許多個人的展覽，出版了一些書。他的作品受到了評論界的關(guān)注，但只是在近些年來，他才真正受到人們的注意。
Fred Stein was born on July 3, 1909 in Dresden, Germany; his father a rabbi, his mother a religion teacher. He was a brilliant student and became active in socialist and anti-Nazi movements as a teenager. He went to Leipzig University, inspired by socialism’s moral imperative, and obtained a law degree in an impressively short time, but was denied admission to the German bar by the Nazi government for "racial and political reasons." The threat of Fascism proved more and more dangerous and Stein fled to Paris in 1933 with his new wife, Liselotte Salzburg, under the pretext of taking a honeymoon.
In Paris they were in the center of a circle of expatriate socialists, thinkers, and artists. In this fertile milieu Stein began taking photographs professionally. He was a pioneer of the small, hand-held camera, and with the Leica which he and his wife had purchased as a joint wedding present, he went into the streets to photograph scenes of life in Paris. Among his early pictures were portraits of friends such as Hannah Arendt, Willy Brandt, Arthur Koestler and Andre Malraux (all of whom he photographed over a period of 30 years).
When Germany declared war on France in 1939, Stein was put in an internment camp for enemy aliens near Paris. He managed to escape, and after a hazardous clandestine journey through the countryside, met his wife and baby girl in Marseilles, where they obtained visas through the efforts of the Emergency Rescue Committee. On May 7,1941, the three boarded the S.S. Winnipeg, one of the last boats to leave France. They carried the Leica and some negatives among their few belongings.
In New York, Stein continued his photography while his wife worked to support them. He read extensively and made acquaintances with writers, artists, scientists, politicians, and philosophers. He was an astute social observer, walking through the streets of New York, documenting life from Fifth Avenue to Harlem. He worked unobtrusively and quickly, presenting his subject as sole content, never as interesting or incidental material for photographic interpretation. He preferred natural or minimal lighting, and avoided elaborate setups as well as dramatic effects. He did not retouch or manipulate the negative. Stein was a member of the Photo League until he became disenchanted with their pro-Communist sympathies. Though portraits were his main income generating work and he photographed many people on commission, he generally worked without assignment, prizing the freedom of shooting people and scenes that interested him. He would then offer his work to publishers and photo editors of magazines, newspapers, and books.
Stein died in 1967 at the age of 58. His portraits and reportage had appeared in newspapers, magazines, and books throughout the world. He had also lectured and had held a number of one-man exhibitions. Seven books of his work have been published. During his lifetime his work received favorable critical attention, and the scope and power of his work are now gaining wide recognition.
