ϣR˼ - Ϣ
R˼Karl Heinrich Marx181855ա1883314գR˼xĄ(chung)ʼq̫μ܌W(jng)WՓҡҪСYՓ a(chn)hԡȡǟoa(chn)AľIǽa(chn)x\ӵŪ֧Փ˱ҕR˼xR˼V֪܌WՓvʷMAķJ@ǧl(f)չʷìc}ڲ
ͬAӊZc(j)vʷΨՓR˼đļOYxKxa(chn)xȡһJR˼܌Wĕr]н^Ӱ^ʮoĩR˼܌WѸٵĂxɞWM(jng)ĸڅ֮R˼xҲɷֳɞǸcǸɌWfַQxɣԲ˹̹Edward BernsteinuMʽxl(f)չҕR˼xһN˜ɌWftЌ{(dio)MƸҪҕR˼xһNvʷƌWՓJ@NՓǽ^_A߅ϵJԷWfR˼xy(tng)R˼xڽՓԵČWf
R˼xڶʮoʮo~Ќһք(chung)kK(lin)Ĵᳫ_ˎpֵע@gR˼xڮĽƺܵSWߵɆchSKS(lin)˵ĽwR˼xϵӰҲu˥ˡɷJR˼xǽҲӰh܌WՓ֮һR˼ČWfȻSڌWg(sh)ĸIWfľҲrı\ڸʩڶʮһoĽSҌR˼xҕһhĻxcᘣA͇ԽϓrŰ͡Ჴa(chn)hȵ
ϣR˼ - ƽ
181855R˼ڵRʡF(xin)(lin)Rm-շģһɎͥ游R˼оSһq̫ɷWĸHϣᡤR˼ϣR˼Ẓ̇
183010R˼MЌWЌWI(y)M벨WD(zhun)WִWW1841ɴWWI(y)ͬՓġփصȻ܌WF?sh)Ȼ܌W֮^(q)eՈ@ҮôWʿI(y)RogJR˸ϣ˹
WRYͨ܌Wvʷν(jng)WռnjW߀Д(sh)W
1843619R˼c7֮õ1814СݽY(ji)顣
18441cһ̤ŵ;ȥͬɡ܌W(jng)Wָ塷@ֱָ1933űl(f)F(xin)l(f)Q1844܌W(jng)Wָ
1845å(q)ȥr
184512ÓxʿͶ˹һˡ־RΑB(ti)˺ڸΨxMΨxIJصסһϵy(tng)U(chung)ĚvʷΨx_oa(chn)AZȡ(qun)Ěvʷ΄xɿ뵽ƌW춨˳ՓAQˡa(chn)hԡ
SrֵȺһص
1846 R˼Ͷ˹a(chn)xͨӍίT1847R˼Ͷ˹xͬ18476ͬ˸鹲a(chn)xͬˣͬ˵ľVIa(chn)hԡ
18484£Ͷ˹ڵһ(chung)kˡR
(q)ȥ˰ڱҪx_裬ȥӢڂ^һyӡ5rgR˼齛(jng)͂Ն} ] wʧ ĂеK@gR˼ҪYՓ
1864928R˼˵һHxIίTHݡԡ Rr³̡Ҫļ
1867914YՓһ
187010cƾӂصĶ˹ٶۡڱS(q)̎ԷQǡ繫
1883314գR˼ڂԢȥڂرĺعĹ(ni)
YՓɾ˹R˼zքe18851894^
R˼ - R˼܌W
R˼xǽs;ČWf֮һ. Wfķ, ܌W, (jng), ȏVI. Ҳ, @ϴSһӰ汾Ľጺ. R˼xW_ (Hal Draper) v, vʷ, ЌWfR˼˼һ㱻һӵˇŤ. S֧ČWfJɌWfR˼y(tng)^. , ^ӰҪķ֧x: Ќx, Ļx, ˹x, ëɖ|˼, R˼x ȵ.
˵Ľž˵Ľ@ŵ^X܌WKǟoa(chn)A ־RΑB(ti) ܌Wџoa(chn)AԼ|(zh)ͬӵoa(chn)AҲ܌WԼľ־RΑB(ti)
R˼J܌W˼Ľ. Ҳfǟoa(chn)A(zhn)ƶȵľ. Ω_܌W, ЧIoa(chn)AÓxìĐѭh(hun)@ý. ܌W, 푪вɱ(zhn). R˼܌Wݵı. J˅^(q)eڄĵط, ˿ЧӋه(sh)(j)a(chn)(sh)(j). , һMӋĄڄa(chn)ͬ^(q)e_. Ҫڄӣ˂ȽY(ji)a(chn)P(gun)ϵԼP(gun)ϵ. ˂Ąڄa(chn)ƼsMлӵa(chn)ʽ, ʲôӵa(chn)ʽ, ʲôӵP(gun)ϵ. ˂a(chn)ʽP(gun)ϵȘ(gu)Ļܘ(gu), Q˂R. Rһγ, 㷴^ɞƼs˵ĻӵĿ^. Ҋİl(f)չǽڄڄ˿ڵĄڄО, ڄ˿ȻҎ(gu). İl(f)չıϿsyo. 䌍ͬȻһҲЃ(ni)ڿ^څݵҎ(gu). , R˼܌Wձ鱻JƫoՓΨՓ.
R˼pĕr֪ܵ܌WҺڸ (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel) qCՓӰ, һͬJf׃. ͬںڸΨՓc, R˼˼^ƫƌWΨ˼ģʽ. ɂՓcIJڌ|(zh)cRĿ. ΨՓJRQ|(zh), QԒf, ˵RQ|(zh)Ŀc. Rĸ׃, ׃|(zh)Ķx. ΨՓJ, |(zh)QR. , Qˌ|(zh)Ķx; ͨ^Լ|(zh)`JR, Ҳ@N`еõ죬@Լµ|(zh)|(zh). , R˼Jϴֵ, ڶ˹ļR (False consciousness) , @NRֻɼͥ, Ļ, |(zh)ؽe͵Įa(chn)Ʒ. ֮, ɞR, Ƽs˵ĻӵĿ^. RSص׃׃, Ƶ˼׃гm(x)ݻ. ʹ, R˼ѺڸqCՓcԼΨՓ˂, ɾ˪һĚvʷΨՓ. ſһ, (jng)^׃, oa(chn)A˼ďص, ׃?ni)a(chn)ģʽ, IMаʽĹa(chn).
(jng)
һĽ(jng), һĄڄ. R˼Jһ^cƺYxoŤ. JYxļܘ(gu), ڄѽ(jng)ɞһNԵƷ. y(tng), D(zhun)IuٍȡƷIJr. Y҅sǿեڹķʽ, ɱٍȡ, ڹijɱԽ, YҵҲԽ. YҞٍȡ, OĽ̈́ڹɱȡ. , (j)R˼뷨, YΨһP(gun)ľͳɱB(yng)ڹڄa(chn), ڹĴȻҲͲYP(gun)ĵ. R˼ҲijJ, Yxǚvʷa(chn)Y(ji)(gu). JYxȱYҞ˸a(chn)c, ݱͶYĽXcYԮڿƼаl(f), ڹҲƼMH. պ, ڹݱƷ, M˟oa(chn)Aڹ|(zh), ɞYҵC. (j)Rɿ˹ĚvʷΨՓ, RһF(xin)һNAԵ׃, YxOط, oa(chn)A،˼Ľ, uȡYa(chn)A. 箔ڷ⽨rĩ, Ya(chn)AƷFAһ. ڄ˿Ҳɞ, Ӈҽ(jng)İl(f)չ.
A
ԭʼe۵ĚvʷγɵYA^Ƅӵõһ׃,ǚvʷτr;Ҫ:ͻȻƵͬԼYϷxܷɱoğoa(chn)ߒڄЈr(nng)I(y)a(chn)r(nng)صĄZγȫ^̵ĻA YՓ
R˼J, vʷ, ƼM˄ڄa(chn), Ķʣa(chn), ʹпЌXwֹ, @NֹһMa(chn)İl(f)չM, ʹԭʼҰUA˳, Mr, һXwֹAֵĻA, ڷֹ˽ƵijF(xin), ʹŔྫa(chn)ĄAcГȫwڄӵĄڄA̎ڸP(gun)ϵ֮, ԴMA. Aǧİl(f)չ^DŽAڄij̶ԼڄAľwʽ׃. R˼J, vʷl(f)չA, ADzɱ; A͘(gu)vʷl(f)չһNƄ. ֻ(lin)ϵa(chn)l(f)չԼa(chn)QP(gun)ϵY(ji)(gu)׃صQAĆ}. R˼P(gun)AՓe{(dio)Aһ(jng)F(xin)AP(gun)ϵĮa(chn)ԴڄڄͬԼa(chn)(sh)(j)ķxAһa(chn)֕A挦ӡĻڽ̵I@xϣAЕrһAP(gun)ϵڵĺsȻF(xin)ĺλ R˼ָͬAЧvYxl(f)AČ. R˼Jƽʽąf(xi)kܟoȫQAgČ. , M빲a(chn)x֮ǰ, oa(chn)AMɶ̕ļ(qun), Mжĸ, MһеĿ·YԴ. һJ, R˼ʽ. Ȼ, R˼mȻAՓ֮WfǛ]нAD(zhun)P(gun)Փǟoa(chn)A(jng)^ijNʽȡ(qun)֮D(zhun)Юa(chn)Ar
ڟoa(chn)AYa(chn)AĶ(jng)vĸl(f)չAa(chn)hʼK\ӵڌ`棬a(chn)hǸhԛQʼKƄõIJՓ^ğoa(chn)AȺĵط˽oa(chn)A\ӵėlM̺һY(ji)a(chn)hԡ
錦YxIJ, R˹Joa(chn)AFY(ji), һͬcR˼AՓoP(gun)ǟoa(chn)AhՓR˼oa(chn)AAɟoa(chn)AhIoa(chn)Ahtǟoa(chn)Ahꠡ@hMI]Пoa(chn)Ah@ЩͲПoa(chn)AĄ. AAՓl(f)R˼J˽ЌA֮gĶв{(dio)͵cy(tng)AҪԏԵķy(tng)A. @ЩԵķɞy(tng)Ay(tng)Aեȡ̈́Z. y(tng)A˱A֮gƽAP(gun)ϵSڷϽy(tng)Aͷ֮(ni), γ^ć; Aìܑ\ɞy(tng)Aćҽy(tng)ι. oa(chn)AҪ@ɵĽҪ횈FY(ji)M˼Ը׃oa(chn)AYa(chn)Arֵƽ, x, ֮, ~oAĹa(chn)x.
fćһNo̎ڵďs܊ڽ̺˾C(gu)Ƶذѻ˷p@뼯(qun)ҙC ?R˼ m(ni)(zhn)
R˼ - Ʒ
1844܌Wͽ(jng)Wָ塷
YՓ
a(chn)hԡ
־RΑB(ti)
R˼ - Ӱ
2005714գӢV˾BBCVl҂@rĿˡlǬF(xin)ӢĿ܌Wҡ{(dio)Y(ji)R˼27.93%ĵƱʘsǰ[1]
BBC{(dio)Y(ji)[2]
ϣR˼ - u
ܶYxƶȵ֧ѽ(jng)ՓC^cx߹a(chn)xƶYxƶ܉Чa(chn)ͷؔͬrR˼ͺڸP(gun)ĵؚҲֻһrĬF(xin)J˽͌ؔԵă(ni)ڱ|(zh)ȡYxƶȻijNĽ(jng)ƶͬĽ(jng)ƶȌ@ͬĴ(jng)WԺuR˼ʣrֵՓͬrڌ`eǰ։K(lin)ԁһЩa(chn)xҵΉƺͽ(jng)}ҲƉR˼ҵK(lin)ųR˼ՓmȻһЩJK(lin)^һNʽćYxıӰR˼xĜʴ_෴ֻٴC
R˼ͬrҲܵʿuQAǚvʷIJƽR˼JهAƽȵĸ(qun)N冖}HǪڵ@Щ}oP(gun)עһoxһ؞R˼xɃA@R˼xoxJR˼x̫^ƣ^P(gun)ע(jng)}ȱڇȱٵĻ
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