概述
明弘治、正德年間（１４８—１５２１）的文學流派.成員包括李夢陽、何景明、徐禎卿、邊貢、康海、王九思和王廷相七人，以李夢陽、何景明為代表.首見于《明史.李夢陽傳》。為區(qū)別后來嘉靖、隆慶年間出現(xiàn)的李攀龍、王世貞等七子，世稱“前七子”。七子皆為進士，多有氣節(jié)，對腐敗的朝政和庸弱的士氣不滿，強烈反對當時流行的歌詠臺閣體詩文和“嘽緩冗沓，千篇一律”的八股習氣，大力提倡“文必秦漢、詩必盛唐”，旨在為文人創(chuàng)作指明一條新路子，以拯救萎靡不振的古文詩歌.他們都帶著強烈的改造文風的歷史使命，卻走著一條以復古為革新的老路.前七子的觀點提出之后，立即風行天下，成為文學思想之主流，掀起了明代文學的復古運動.這在明代文學史上有一定的進步意義.但他們一些具體的文學見解不盡相同，創(chuàng)作上各呈特色.李夢陽在復古模擬上，居七子之首，主張“刻意古范”，句模字擬，逼肖前人，但在后期對此深有悔意；詩重氣魄，追求雄奇、豪放.何景明思想較自由，主張對古人作品要“領(lǐng)會神情”、“不仿形跡”，以達到“達岸舍筏”的目的；詩重才情，偏向清新一路.徐禎卿詩論頗多精辟、獨到之處，作品兼有江南文學的華美和北方文學的剛勁.康海、王九思主要成就在散曲、雜劇，詩多率直之作.邊貢、王廷相短詩清新、明快，但總體成就較遜色.前七子的文學主張和創(chuàng)作實踐都有現(xiàn)實意義，但由于過分強調(diào)復古，文學的創(chuàng)造性顯得不足，有的甚至淪為“高處是古人影耳，其下者已落近代之口”，給文壇帶來新的流弊. Ming Hongzhi, Masanori years (148-1521) literary genre. Members include Meng-yang Li, Jing-ming, Xu Zhen Qing, side tribute, KANG Hai, Wang Jiu-si, and Wang Tingxiang seven to Meng-yang Li, Jing-ming, as the representative. First appeared in the "History of the Ming. Meng-yang Li Chuan . " The difference was Jiajing, Longqing years, Lee has emerged Penlon, Wang Shi-zhen in seven children, the Bank said that "former Seven." Seven Jie Wei Scholars, more than there is integrity, the royal government of corruption and weak morale and dissatisfaction Yong, strongly opposed the then popular singing Taiwan Pavilion body of poetry and the "redundant Da u2020 ® slow, uniform," the stereotyped habits, strongly advocated "Bi-Qin and Han Dynasties , poetry must Tang ", aimed at creative writers indicate a new way to save the flagging classical Chinese poetry. They are the transformation of style with a strong historical mission, but walked with a retro as the innovative formula. the first seven sub - point of view put forward immediately after the popularity of the world, to become the mainstream of literary ideas, setting off a Ming Dynasty literary retro movement. This literary history in the Ming Dynasty there is definite progress. but some of their different views of specific literary, creative submissions on the characteristics of each . Meng-yang Li on the retro analog, ranking first in the seven, which stands for "deliberately old Fan," saying the word to be mold, the very image of their predecessors, but in the latter part of this deeply remorse; poetry re-spirit, the pursuit of magnificent, uninhibited. He Jing-ming, the more freedom, advocate ancient works to "understand the expression" and "not fake acting" in order to achieve "reach shore homes raft" purpose; poem re-own, tend to clean all the way. Xu Zhen Qing poetics many brilliant, unique , works of literature in China and the United States both southern and northern literature bold. KANG Hai, Wang thought the main achievement in Verse 9, dramas, poetry more straightforward to make the. Bian Gong, Wang Tingxiang short poetry fresh and crisp, but the overall success than less. before the seven literary ideas and creative practice have practical significance, but because of too much emphasis on retro, literature, creative seems inadequate, and some have even become a "shadow ear height of the ancients, under which persons have been off the mouth of modern times", to bring new literary drawbacks.
